| Help on Command. | ||
|---|---|---|
man <cmd> | Type man ls to read the manual for the ls command | |
| Navigate between Directories | ||
ls -ltrah <path> | List contents of the directory <path> including entries starting with `.` in the long listing format with human readable size like 2G rather than 2146858929 and sorted by their modification date, oldest first. | |
cd <path> | Change the current directory to <path> | |
pwd | Show the absolute path of the current directory | |
| Special Directories | ||
~ | Home directory | |
. | Current directory | |
.. | Parent directory | |
| Modify Directories | ||
mkdir -p <path> | Make a new directory with the path <path>. Missing parent directories along the path will be created. | |
cp <file> <dst> | Copy the file <file> to the destination <dst>. If <dst> is a directory, the new file will be created inside it. | |
cp -r <dir1> <dir2> | Copy directory dir1 and all its contents recursively as/to <dir2>. If <dir2> exists, the new directory will be created inside <dir2>. | |
mv <file> <dst> | Move the file <file> to the destination <dst>. If <dst> is a directory, the file will be moved inside it. | |
rm <file> | Remove files. “?” is any character; “*” is any string of characters. | |
rm -rf <dir> | USE WITH CAUTION. Remove all contents of the directory <dir> recursively and forcefully. | |
| Connect/Copy files to remote host | ||
ssh <user>@gadi.nci.org.au | Login to Gadi as the user <user> | |
scp <file> <user>@gadi-dm.nci.org.au:<dst> | Copy local <file> to Gadi into the directory <dst> or as the file <dst> | |
| View/Edit a Text File | ||
less <file> | View <file> with less | |
cat <file> | Print <file> on screen | |
vim <file> | Edit <file> with vim | |
emacs <file> | Edit <file> with emacs | |
| Compress files | ||
tar czf file.tar.gz <folder> | Create the compressed archive <file.tar.gz> with gzip for all contents in the folder <folder> (use xzf to extract) | |
gzip <file> | Compresses file and renames it to file.gz | |
| Other Useful Commands | ||
diff -y <file1> <file2> | Show the differences between <file1> and <file2> side-by-side | |
grep -n "str" <file> | Print lines containing the string str in <file> with the prefix of its line number | |
awk -F, '{print $4}' <file> | Print the 4th column of the file <file> using comma as the field separator | |
wc -l <file> | Count lines in the file <file> | |
find <path> -type d -name *1234* | Search through the directory <path> for directories with name containing the string 1234 | |
| File Access Permissions | ||
chmod g+w <file> | Add group writable permission to the file <file> | |
chgrp -R <prj> <path> | Set the owner group of the directory <path> and its contents to the project <prj> recursively. | |
getfacl <file> | Get file access control lists of the file <file> | |
| Pipes and Redirection | ||
ls -l > list.txt | List the content of the current directory and redirect the output to the file list.txt. If file list.txt exists, overwrite it with the output. | |
<cmd> >> <file> | Append output of the command <cmd> to the file <file> | |
<cmd> < <file> | Get input of the command <cmd> from the file <file> | |
<cmd1> | <cmd2> | Pipe the output of command <cmd1> to the standard input of command <cmd2> | |
| Shortcuts | ||
Ctrl+C | Halt the current command | |
Ctrl+A | Move cursor to the beginning of the line | |
Ctrl+E | Move cursor to the end of the line | |
Ctrl+K | Delete from cursor to the end of the line | |
Ctrl+Z | Stop the foreground job and places it in the background as a stopped job | |
Ctrl+D | Log out of current session, similar to exit | |
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